Byteball

What is Byteball?

Byteball is a decentralized system that allows users the ability to store different types of data. In Byteball, you can store anything from currency to debt or even property titles. Like any other blockchain platform, Byteball makes this possible with the promise of tamper-proof storage.

Each of the Byteball storage units is interlinked. This means that every storage unit has one or more hashes of the previous storage units. These hashes are supposed to either confirm the earlier units or to establish their order, or both.

Byteball operates under a directed acyclic graph model (DAG). DAG technology is specifically aimed at addressing some of the current challenges or deficiencies that are obvious in blockchain currencies.

Byteball has been considered the ultimate competitor for Bitcoin, especially with an emphasis on how some of the features are executed, including smart contracts, and bots.

As a cryptocurrency platform, Byteball creates an element of trust where none existed before. Two strangers or entities on Byteball can engage and get into a contract, confident that the contract will be executed as they agreed upon.

There are multiple independent witnesses who verify all the contracts to ensure that the conditions and terms stipulated are adhered to

What is the problem that Byteball Solves?

While traditional blockchain platforms have been commended for sparking a revolution, there are several flaws that still need to be addressed, and Byteball attempts to provide solutions to some of these.

One of the challenges that most users experience is a high cost of transactions. Platforms like Bitcoin are highly secure, and this can be attributed to the prohibitive and expensive cost of operation.

Once a transaction is carried out, redoing all the proof of work involved in the blocks is very expensive. The Bitcoin community spends a lot of money on energy as payment for the electricity needed to build a legitimate proof of work that is strong enough to keep attackers at bay.

Finality of transactions as is evident in Bitcoin raises a lot of problems. There are no set guidelines that determine when a transaction has been finalized, and cannot be reversed.

The only thing that you can be certain about is that the finality of each transaction is uncertain. The risk of a transaction being reversed declines as more blocks are added. This is a concept that most simple folk would not understand, especially when it comes to matters involving money exchanging hands.

Bitcoin has a very volatile and unpredictable exchange rate. The problem here is not even the volatility, but the fact that the price is not bound to anything.

This means that there are no definite factors that can be attributed to trends in the exchange rate. Therefore, it becomes difficult to justify a Bitcoin price of, for example, $300, $3 or $30,000. If the price were to move from what it currently is, this movement would not generate any economic force that might push it back, but instead, creates chaos.

Privacy is another issue that has dogged Bitcoin. All the balances and transactions carried out by all addresses are visible for all to see on the blockchain. It is possible to obscure balances and transactions, but this is not what people would expect from a currency.

How does Byteball Solve the problem?

Byteball has several features that address the challenges above. The main goal of Byteball is to introduce the benefits of blockchain technology into database management and to meet the needs of people and entities in different markets.

In terms of privacy, the transactions carried out on Byteball are just as visible as they are on Bitcoin. However, other than the base currency Bytes, Byteball has a second currency called Blackbytes. These are not as traceable as Bytes are.

To address the issue of exchange rates, the value of bytes depends on negative feedback, which is an ideal expectation in any market where demand and supply are driven by need and not speculation as is the case with Bitcoin.

Conditional payments – This is a feature that is missing in the conventional currencies. The concept here is to create a set of rules or conditions determining when the payee is to receive the money sent. In case the condition is not met by the payee, the sender gets their money back.

What makes Byteball better than the competitors?

Instead of the classical Bitcoin-like platform that most of the cryptocurrencies are currently using, Byteball uses DAG. DAG is a relatively new technology and has significant benefits over the conventional blockchain technology that giants like Bitcoin and Ethereum are using. When using Byteball you get a confirmation on the main chain without any proof of work evaluation needed.    

In the normal blockchain implementations, you have to wait for a confirmation. However, with Byteball the confirmations are almost immediate.

Byteball also takes away the hurdle of confirmations with large transactions. Normally you would need around 10 confirmations to push through large sums. This is to give you some assurance that there will be no change in the blockchain, and a longer blockchain path will not be found.

However, with Byteball, once the transaction is confirmed, that’s it. You do not need to worry about uncertainties anymore.

Another area where Byteball is beating the competition is on transaction execution. Because it offers unlimited scalability, Byteball can process thousands of transactions every second. This makes it ideal for people or entities that need to exchange large volumes of arbitrary data.

If there is one area where most of the crypto platforms are lagging behind, it has to be reaching out to the masses. Most people consider this to be a technical field, and this locks out would-be investors who are afraid of their lack of information.

Byteball allows users to send crypto through different messaging services and platforms, including email addresses, Telegram, Viber, WeChat, and WhatsApp, instead of using cryptic addresses. This is definitely something that most people appreciate and has also helped in the uptake.

When using Byteball, you are not just confined to the tokens that are available on the platform. In fact, Byteball allows users to create their own tokens. This is ideal for corporations, organizations, non-profit organizations and other entities that would love to trade in tokens that enshrine their brand identity.

How can Byteball be categorized?

Byteball is a distributed ledger that runs on DAG. Contrary to the conventional blockchain features, DAG does not have blocks. Therefore, there are no gatekeepers, miners or scalability limits. Anyone who is interested is able to add transactions to the DAG.

There are several reasons why eliminating blocks is a good idea. Blocks and transactions are two unique entities by design. Technically, having only one of them would be simpler. Therefore, by doing away with blocks, only transactions remain, and simplicity is one of the tenets of Byteball, which make it endearing even to common folk.

Gatekeepers in blockchain networks operate like small gods. They create the blocks. Other than that, what gets into the block is also their prerogative.

There are so many variables that determine the design of blockchain platforms. Determining the right block size or the time between two blocks are some of the common concerns, and agreeing on the right values is not an easy feat either.

By doing away with blocks in DAG, Byteball offers a flexible way of handling transactions. There is virtually no theoretical limit on the transactions. Users no longer have to serialize transactions in blocks whose sizes are predetermined by gatekeepers.

Byteball is about value creation. Since there are no blocks, there is no need for Proof of work. Proof of work is a very expensive concept, and in the long run, the cost has to be accounted for. The cost of proof of work is often in terms of electricity, the environmental impact of which has to be priced in.

Since there are no blocks or proof of work, new transactions are visible to peers as soon as they are added on the DAG. Peers can then build their transactions on the new one, giving it recognition as the child transactions to the new transaction also create subsequent child transactions.

What’s Byteball’s vision on Security?

Amid growing concern from governments about the identity of cryptocurrency users and the risk of financial crimes including money laundering, Byteball has partnered with Jumio to optimize the KYC process.

The decentralized, innovative and distributed platform has attracted a lot of companies in the past, especially those seeking to pitch their projects for investor funding, and as such, there is need to offer a reassurance that entities are doing business with genuine people.

The financial arena has in the recent years been transformed since the adoption of cryptocurrency, and more companies are coming on board to seek funding for projects or to launch their businesses.

However, cryptocurrencies are unregulated and anonymous. Therefore, regulatory bodies worldwide have increasingly expressed concern about the risk of this anonymity in financial crimes.

In this manner, Byteball and Jumio work together to prevent fraud and money laundering, and at the same time offer support for conscientious listing of companies, in line with the requirements of regulatory authorities across the globe.

Other than the KYC, Byteball also allows users to generate or enter into smart contracts for so many other types of financial transactions, ranging from sports betting to making insurance payments. Such contracts are guided by terms that are set prior to acceptance.

By allowing users to set conditions that have to be met before payment is made, smart contracts offer a secure way of conducting business on Byteball and protects the interests of the entity procuring services from fraud.

Examples of Byteball use cases/applications

There are several instances where Byteball is currently in use, with more entities adopting this cryptocurrency as time goes by.

P2P payments

Sending P2P payments has been made easier with Byteball. Trading in cryptocurrency can be very confusing especially for beginners because of the use of cryptic addresses.

Other than that, the recipient must already be in the system where the money is being sent. Once the money is sent, the sender cannot easily tell whether they sent the money to the correct address.

With Byteball, however, things are slightly different. The Byteball wallet allows users to send bytes to user addresses in different ways, even if the recipient is not already on Byteball.

The sender can simply write an email to the recipient, with a link to the money they are sharing. In case the recipient already has a Byteball account, the money is added to their account. In case they do not have a Byteball account, they will receive a link to install Byteball then receive the money.

Identity verification

Byteball is also coming in handy with identity verification. This is an important part of KYC which is aimed at creating an element of trust in the system. Since the success of many ICOs, a lot of companies are currently mulling this option over other conventional ways of raising funds for expansion, starting up their operations or many other projects. Byteball users are able to link their addresses to their government-issued identities. Users can decide the type of information they are comfortable disclosing, and to which entities.

Shopping

You can easily engage merchants on the Byteball platform before you purchase their goods and/or services. Payments in Byteball are very simple, and in two clicks, you will be done. Through the merchant chatbots, you can even order and pay for meals online.

To make work easier, Byteball has a bot store built into the platform. This gets updated from time to time, so you can check it and discover some of the chatbots available.

Betting and hedging

Byteball uses conditional payment smart contracts. These contracts have trusted data feeds. As a result, users can easily bet on major world events or hedge against them. There are lots of events upon which you can hedge, including the following:

Price – The price Oracle allows users to short on any cryptocurrency without necessarily owning it. To do this, you create a smart contract condition that depends on the price of the selected cryptocurrency attaining a preset threshold.

Politics – In countries or issues where politics is so divisive, you can bet on the outcome, hedging your business risk against the prospect of negative outcomes.

Travel – Through Byteball you can purchase flight insurance. If you do, you get compensation in case your flight is canceled or delayed.

Weather – Extreme weather conditions can affect your business or interfere with your holiday. You can use Byteball to hedge against such.

Sports betting – With Byteball, you do not need a bookie to bet on the outcome of any sports event.

References

https://byteball.org/Byteball.pdf

https://medium.com/@Byteball

https://byteball.org/

https://coincheckup.com/coins/byteball

 

Ardor

What is Ardor?

Positioning itself as a scalable blockchain-as-a service (BaaS) platform for entities and individual users makes Ardor a viable resource. There is a lot of interest in blockchain technology in the world, from individuals and corporations alike. However, most of this enthusiasm is killed by the inability to develop custom solutions that meet unique user needs and demands.

A BaaS model makes things easier for users because it addresses most of the challenges that they might have. Ardor is shoring up competition against some of the most popular BaaS platforms like Microsoft by taking on a different approach in terms of the technical elements.

Ardor has a unique parent-child interface which takes all the hard work and technical challenges away from individuals and corporations that need to use the BaaS.

Instead of worrying about security challenges, patches, and timely upgrades, Ardor takes care of all that as the parent chain. Companies, for example, can now build their own services and products in Ardor using child chains. The child chains, however, enjoy the perks of security updates and other benefits that are offered by Ardor’s parent chain.

The concept of side chains has become an issue of great interest in blockchain technology, and this explains why Ardor is getting all the right attention. Other than offering security features, Ardor as a BaaS is also designed to be energy efficient. This is a huge advantage over most of the other players in the market.

The energy required to run a BaaS might not be the same as the energy required for mining cryptocurrency, but by adopting a proof of stake method over proof of work makes Ardor less energy intensive.

Ardor does not hog resources either. Users do not need to invest in very expensive hardware or spend a lot on electricity to run this BaaS platform. This is because consensus in Ardor is done through a distributed system, thereby eliminating mining competition.

What is the problem that Ardor Solves?

Ardor is built on the Nxt platform. Nxt was introduced a second generation cryptocurrency, in an attempt to expand the use of blockchain technology into value transfer.

In the course of the development of Nxt, three main challenges were imminent, which Ardor was designed to solve:

  • Single token use
  • Cloning concerns
  • Blockchain bloat

Single token use – All the features in the platform must use the NXT native token. This includes the block generation process, paying transaction fees, transfer of value, pricing asset exchange orders, the prices of items that are traded in the marketplace, and transferring assets over the blockchain.

The problem with this is that it becomes difficult for developers to design apps that transparently use the blockchain. The system in place should not force users to use NXT for transactions. Other than that, the value of currencies and assets should not be forcefully fixed in NXT.

Cloning concerns – It is very easy to clone a blockchain. The problem that most organizations encounter is maintenance. Organizations create clones to help them obtain custom blockchain networks that meet their unique needs, complete with a transactional token. How does a clone work?

A clone is simply a separate blockchain that runs a modified version of the blockchain software, but there is no link between the original blockchain and the new blockchain.

While this might work, it raises a lot of concerns for small or medium-sized companies. A cloned blockchain does not offer the same level of security as the parent blockchain. It will lag behind in terms of security updates, and feature development, especially if it is implemented by someone who is not well versed in Nxt software.

Blockchain bloat – One of the major challenges that most blockchain platforms have is blockchain bloat. This is a situation where all nodes are tasked with storage and reprocessing of transactions. Nxt is not spared from this either. When new nodes are created, they must reprocess all the data when they download the blockchain. This problem arises because of the fact that some blockchain platforms might not be trustworthy.

The problem with such bloating is that it creates a bottleneck, and the system gets overloaded as the blockchain increases in size. With more users coming on board, the need to push more transactions per second is ever important, and this takes a toll on the blockchain. Bloat in the blockchain is a problem that needs to be addressed fundamentally to allow true scalability and to make the blockchain platform future-proof.

How does Ardor Solve the problem?         

In a structural capacity, the Ardor parent chain only maintains transactions that affect the forger balances. Therefore, all the other transactions by the child trains are pruned.

This leaves a cryptographic proof that the transactions were carried out. When using an Ardor child chain, users will only work with the child chain token both for paying the transaction fee, and value transfer.

Should a business require their own blockchain, they would not need to maintain their own server network, forging network or be concerned about the security of their system.

To join the blockchain, a new node has to validate the parent-child transactions. This is a very small representation of the transactions that pass through each child train over the past 24hrs. Other than that, the new nodes load snapshots of the current state of the blockchain from the existing nodes. This includes the aliases, properties, and account balances.

If, as an individual or an entity you need to pull information for bookkeeping purposes, like the transaction history, you will only need to set up an archival node. This node maintains all the transaction information depending on the instructions set.

If currencies or assets have been issued on a child chain, users have to pay transaction fees in the coin used in that child chain. In fact, the API has been streamlined in such a way that users might not be aware they are using a blockchain in the Ardor network.

The design of the Ardor network is aimed at reducing the number of transactions held in the blockchain while maintaining the network security credibility. This is a single token dependency solution that makes blockchain features readily available to users and organizations.

Business entities find Ardor coming in handy for their BaaS solutions because it provides convenient and secure blockchain applications and solutions with the dev team always available for support.

What makes Ardor better than the competitors?

One of the biggest advantages that Ardor has over the competition is that it borrows a lot from the tried and tested Nxt blockchain, taking advantage of the benefits, and improving on the flaws.

The following are some of the reasons why Ardor stands a cut above the rest:

Java

Ardor is written in Java. Java is one of the most commonly used multiplatform programming languages in the world. Using Java means that Ardor already has a rich development environment that makes it easy for users to verify the code.

Other than that, Java is common in most enterprises. This means that anyone who wants to create anything in Ardor can easily clone and adapt the code to suit their unique needs. Besides, they can also use the same integration, deployment and software tools they are already using to run and maintain their products or services in Ardor.

Proof of Stake

Ardor runs the most environment-friendly algorithm, proof of stake. This algorithm is friendly because it does not demand a lot of hardware to run the blockchain efficiently. To run Ardor, a simple laptop would more than suffice. In fact, a lot of projects are currently trying to migrate to proof of stake, including Ethereum.

Parent-Child Chain

The parent-child chain is one of the reasons why Ardor is considered one of the best BaaS platforms. The nodes are run in public through different users all over the world.

This eliminates unique failure points. It is decentralized, which sets it apart from other BaaS solutions like IBM and Microsoft who manage and host their infrastructure.

How can Ardor be categorized?

Ardor can be categorized as a BaaS (Blockchain as a service) platform. This platform was born from the Nxt blockchain, that has been around for years, and features improvements and innovative concepts therefrom. Ardor features a unique architecture with one security chain and several transactional chains. This structure allows Ardor address three of the fundamental flaws that were evident in Nxt, and is present in a lot of the blockchain platforms currently running online; reducing bloat on the blockchain, hosting interconnected blockchains that are ready to use, and allowing multiple transaction tokens.

The blockchain market is on a rapid growth trajectory, and with this comes unprecedented demand. As a result, the team behind the Ardor project built the IGNIS token for Ignis. Ignis is a child chain in Ardor. This child chain is decentralized and unrestricted, allowing users all the functionality and features that are evident in the Nxt blockchain.

Inside the Ardor blockchain, developers can create many other child chains for different uses and entities, including consortiums, enterprises, public listed companies, research institutions and financial institutions.

This is what makes Ardor more appealing to SMEs, for example. In this manner, small organizations and large corporations alike have access to child chains designed with ready to use features. Without this, they would have to build their own blockchain from scratch, with all the unique features that they need. This poses several security risks.

The Ardor BaaS, therefore, allows these entities to implement their respective child chains in an efficient and cost-effective manner without security compromise, or the risk of redundancy. These are assurances that are offered in the Ardor parent chain.

What’s Ardor’s vision on Security?

Ardor’s vision into the future of BaaS and blockchain technology, in general, is about simplicity. Ardor does all the hard work and allows the users to create their own products and services on the platform while Ardor takes charge of most of the difficult stuff, like security.

This is why users are able to create their own public or private blockchains, complete with personalized settings, as child chains.

In terms of security, Ardor has a team of developers that work round the clock to provide the best security for the parent chain. The child chains are connected to the parent chain that handles security and processing. The nature of this parent-child relationship is such that the child chains get to enjoy or inherit all the security features of the parent chains. Therefore, by protecting and securing the parent chain, all the child chains are secured.

This makes work easier for users, especially those who do not have much experience in BaaS security. They are able to create their apps, products, and services without worrying about security compromise.

By addressing the issue of security in such a simple manner, Ardor has taken away the burden of security from the users and left the task to experts. In retrospect, this makes it one of the safest, most secure BaaS platforms, which is a confidence boost for entities and individuals who are looking for a platform for their operations.

Ardor has also built on some of the security advantages of Nxt blockchain and improved on its limitations. In the Nxt blockchain, users have to clone Nxt to create a blockchain which is not connected to the original.

However, Ardor identified some of the challenges in cloning, especially the security flaws, and addressed this by conceptualizing the BaaS as a parent chain, and instead of cloning, users can create multiple child chains to suit their needs.

Examples of Ardor use cases/applications

There are several areas where Ardor comes in handy. In terms of monetization, users can make use of the paid premium services on the platform. These include charging to promote child chain services within the respective wallets or using the in-wallet ads. By integrating Ardor into payment providers and exchanges, this allows easy conversion of child chain coins into other cryptocurrencies, which can be based on the fiat currency.

In terms of adoption, the banking and financial sector is one industry that has been eager to embrace blockchain technology over the years. Some of the services that are carried out under the Ardor platform include:

  • Digital payments
  • Tracking insurance
  • Money transfer
  • Trade finance
  • Cross-border transactions

All these are services where the parties involved can appreciate the distributed nature of the Ardor blockchain. Besides, since Ardor is scalable and written in Java, its application is not only restricted to these institutions but expands to other industries too. Public organizations find Ardor useful for transparency, public notaries, and secure voting.

In the supply chain systems, this BaaS can help in design verification, tracking parts and logistical concerns. In the finance and cryptocurrency sector, Ardor is useful for currency and asset tokenization, payment of dividends, pegging child chains and creating white label tokens.

All this comes down to the fact that Ardor features some of the richest functionalities that users demand in BaaS platforms, making it ideal for issuing securities and assets without much concern. More importantly, Ardor is effectively a flexible, highly adaptable and cost-efficient architecture which does not just meet the needs of users but also addresses the complexity and diversity of the tasks that users demand of the platform.

References

https://coincheckup.com/coins/ardor

https://www.ardorplatform.org/

https://medium.com/@lyaffe

https://www.jelurida.com/sites/default/files/ArdorPlatformDesign.pdf